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Short guides

Browse through our short guides written for educators, on common developmental, emotional and behavioural concerns that may be affecting the students

Short guides
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Short guides for educators

Designed for educators and other school staff these short guides offer simple information about common difficulties with development and learning (such as speaking, reading, and mathematics), emotions (such as worries and fears), and behavior (such as inattention and hyperactivity) that children and adolescents might experience at school. 

Social communication difficulties

What is typical social communication? Even though every child is different, as most teachers are already aware of, there are typical skills that could be expected for children around certain ages. Age range Expectation Around 6 months of age Being able to...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • preschoolers (3 to 6 years old)
  • concerns about learning
  • home
  • school
6min

Excessive worries

What are typical worries? There are many different types of worries that children and adolescents may experience in school at different points in their lives. Worries are usually related to the challenges and experiences children and adolescents are going through at each developmental stage. Some...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Early developmental concern

What is typical development? Early childhood educators in day care, as well as nursery and preschool programs, often get to witness children building new developmental skills. There are many ways of evaluating if children are developing typically and achieving their milestones. Some of the core...

  • infants and toddlers (birth to 3 years old)
  • preschoolers (3 to 6 years old)
  • concerns about learning
  • home
  • school
6min

Reading difficulties

What are typical reading expectations? As most teachers are already aware of, there are some reading expectations for children depending on their age range.   Age range Expectation By age 3 Recite alphabet By age 3-4 Recognizing letters By age...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • concerns about learning
  • school
8min

Math difficulties

What are typical expectations about mathematical skills? As most teachers are already aware of, the ability to deal with numbers is complex and builds on throughout the years. Typical mathematical skills include:   Age range Expectation Between 5 and 6 years of...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • concerns about learning
  • school
5min

Restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests

What are typical restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests? Infants are normally attached to favorite objects and engage in a number of repetitive rhythmic motor behaviors, like rocking and flapping. Young children show an insistence on certain toys, fairy tales and bedtime rituals....

  • infants and toddlers (birth to 3 years old)
  • concerns about learning
  • home
  • school
4min

Difficulties with bladder control

What is typical toileting behavior? Urinary accidents are common during the nursery and preschool years, as most children are toilet trained by about 3 years of age. Young children may have accidents during the school day, especially when they are toilet training and younger than 5 years of age....

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • preschoolers (3 to 6 years old)
  • concerns about learning
  • home
  • school
3min

Excessive worries

What are typical worries? There are many different types of worries that children and adolescents may experience in school at different points in their lives. Worries are usually related to the challenges and experiences children and adolescents are going through at each developmental stage. Some...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Excessive fears

What are typical fears? Birth – 6 months Loud noises, loss of physical support, rapid position changes, rapidly approaching unfamiliar objects 7-12 months Strangers, looming objects, sudden confrontation by unexpected objects and unfamiliar people 1-5...

  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Excessive shyness

What is typical shyness? Being shy is not by any means a problem. In addition to those predispositions in temperament, many children at many ages experience shyness to some degree at one point or another. But children who are shy in a typical level gradually warm up to new situations over time....

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • school
5min

Excessive fear of being apart from a caregiver

What is a typical separation fear? Nearly all children between 6 months and 3 years old get clingy and cry if their caregivers leave them, even for a short time. Young babies don't understand time, so they think a parent who walks out of the room is gone forever. Babies can become anxious and...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • preschoolers (3 to 6 years old)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Persistent sadness

What is typical sadness? It’s typical for children and adolescents to feel down when bad or unexpected things happen—we all do. We then begin to feel better when things take a turn for the better. When students remain sad despite positive things happening to and around them, that is...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Ritualistic behaviors and repetitive movements

What are typical ritualistic behaviors? Children often like routines—they are safe, predictable, and comforting all at the same time. In School, teachers often establish routines throughout the day, which may include a routine for activities and a routine for clean up. Older students attend their...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Obsessive thoughts

What are typical obsessive thoughts? Most teachers and caregivers would agree that children or adolescents get stuck on things that they enjoy. At times, it may seem like the child or adolescent is always thinking about their favorite show, song, game, activity, or toy. For instance, a 3 year old...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
6min

Eating concerns

What is typical eating? Children and adolescents' temperament, organic conditions, developmental issues, environmental and parental factors determine typical eating habits in early childhood to a large extent. Some people eat three meals per day, others two or five. Children and adolescents love...

  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Body image concerns

What is a typical body image? Some children and nearly all adolescents worry about their physical appearance in some way. Body consciousness and its perception is significantly affected by physical changes that occur during adolescence, by peer relationships and acceptance, as well as by messages...

  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
4min

Persistent anger

What is typical anger? Children and adolescents get angry just like adults do–anger is normal. Typically, anger goes away in under 30 minutes. But when a child's anger is frequent (eg, temper tantrums many times a week), or lasts for long periods (eg, lasting many hours instead of minutes), it can...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • preschoolers (3 to 6 years old)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
5min

Persistent distress after traumatic experiences

What is typical distress after traumatic events? It is expected for a child or adolescent to struggle and feel scared or upset after one, or multiple seriously frightening or upsetting events. It usually takes them a little while to recover and readjust after traumatic experiences. It is fairly...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
5min

Panic attacks

Are panic attacks typical? Even though our bodies have a natural alarm system that goes off when something is wrong to prepare us to handle emergency situations, having panic attacks is not typical. Usually, when children and adolescents experience panic attacks, their alarm goes off without a...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about emotions
  • home
  • school
5min

Rule breaking and aggression

What are typical rule breaking behaviors and aggression? It’s typical for students to break rules and even be aggressive towards their caregivers and peers at least some of the time. While younger students are pretty rule-driven, older students will occasionally break rules in school even though...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about behaviors
  • home
  • school
6min

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

What are typical levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity? Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are common in students younger than 6 years of age. As they get older, the demands placed on them gradually increase and if they remain inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive, they...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about behaviors
  • home
  • school
5min

Alcohol and substance use

What is typical alcohol and substance use? None. There is no typical or acceptable alcohol or substance use during childhood or teenage years. Even though alcohol and other substances are illegal for minors and we would expect that they would abstain from use, children and teenagers are curious...

  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about behaviors
  • home
  • school
5min

Self-injury

Is self-injury typical? No. There is no kind of typical self-injury behavior. However, in order to prevent it or deal with it when it happens, it is important to understand some things about it.  Some children and adolescents say they injure themselves because it distracts them and alleviates...

  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about behaviors
  • home
  • school
5min

Bullying

When does typical teasing become bullying? People tend to be aware that painful or embarrassing social experiences are part of the growing up process and that almost everyone has already been teased at least one time in their lives. Learning how to rebound from negative interactions is an...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about behaviors
  • school
7min

Excessive screen use

What is a typical use of screens? Most of us have become somewhat reliant on their devices, and so using them has become quite typical. Young children are given screen time to watch educational shows and to play educational games; older kids and teens attend classes, complete homework assignments,...

  • children (6 to 12 years of age)
  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • concerns about behaviors
  • school
3min

I worry about a student, but how do I know what is going on?

What is typical development? Growing up is not easy. All children will present with expected behaviors that cause distress and difficulties as part of typical development. Children have to learn a lot of things while growing up. They have to learn how to walk and talk, understand and deal with...

  • adolescents (12 to 17 years of age)
  • home
  • school
5min

Training for educators

Browse CAMHI's asynchronous and synchronous training programs for educators and other school staff.

Part 1: Mental Health Literacy

Duration: About 10 h
Prerequisites: For all school professionals in the public sector
Attendance: Asynchronous (through the CAMHI training platform)

What will you learn? Our comprehensive training program is designed to equip professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to support the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. By the end of this training, you will: Understand the fundamental concepts of mental...

Detailed curriculum

Part 2: Mental Health Literacy for School Staff

Duration: About 10h
Prerequisites: For school professionals of the public sector
Attendance: Asynchronous (through the CAMHI training platform)

What will you learn? Our training program focuses on recognizing and addressing mental health challenges, understanding the legal frameworks for child protection, and implementing effective strategies for observing, communicating, and supporting students' mental health and well-being. In this...

Detailed curriculum

Part 3: Workshops

Duration: About 18h
Prerequisites: For school professionals of the public sector
Attendance: Synchronous (online)

What will you learn? Building on the asynchronous journeys, these workshops will enhance participants' skills, enabling them to apply their knowledge in practical scenarios over the course of six sessions. In this program you will: Discuss case-vignette scenarios of students facing mental...

Detailed curriculum
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